People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
Limitations on the Power/Authority of the State to Punish Crimes
FACTS: Hon. Simeon N. Ferrer in his capacity as Judge of the
CFI of Tarlac, Branch I dismissed two (2) cases involving criminal complaints
for violation of Anti-Subversion Act on the grounds that the said act is a bill
of attainder and that it is vague and overbroad.
The two cases include that of Feliciano
Co who was criminally charged for violation of Section 4 of Anti-Subversion Act
and Nilo Tayag et. al., who were charged with subversion. In both cases
aggravating circumstances are present. Counsel on both cases moved to quash the
complaint on the ground that the basis of the complaint, the Anti-Subversion Act
is a bill of attainder.
ISSUE: The Government appealed the decision of the CFI of
Tarlac, Branch 1. The Supreme Court resolved to treat its appeal as a special
civil action for certiorari. Is the Anti-Subversion Act a bill of attainder?
DECISION: The Supreme Court upheld the validity of the
Anti-Subversion Act with reservation. On the grounds that the act provides that
the guilt of the accused has to be judicially established. Specifically, the
statute requires that membership must be knowing or active, with specific
intent to further the illegal objectives of the Party. That is what section 4
means when it requires that membership, to be unlawful, must be shown to have
been acquired "knowingly, willfully and by overt acts." The ingredient
of specific intent to pursue the unlawful goals of the Party must be shown by
"overt acts." This constitutes an element of "membership"
distinct from the ingredient of guilty knowledge. The former requires proof of
direct participation in the organization’s unlawful activities, while the
latter requires proof of mere adherence to the organization’s illegal
objectives.
RATIO:
That the Government has a right to
protect itself against subversion is a proposition too plain to require
elaboration. Self-preservation is the "ultimate value" of society. It
surpasses and transcends every other value, "for if a society cannot
protect its very structure from armed internal attack, no subordinate value can
be protected".
Hello! Thanks for this , currently a freshman in law school MLC
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